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An introduction to amino acids, what they are, how they look, how to draw them (Fischer projections), which form exists in biological organisms.

An amino acid, put simply, is a compound with both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group. So, the term is fairly general. In biology and biochemistry, “amino acid” refers specifically to alpha L amino acids, of which there are 20 that are the monomers / building blocks for proteins. There are also D amino acids, but they do not exist in biological organisms. The L and D amino acids are enantiomers of each other and are assigned L or D based on the configuration as compared to the carbohydrate glyceraldehyde.

I specifically mention that, of the 20 amino acids, all except for glycine are chiral. I also show how to draw amino acids in the Zwitterion form.

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